why remove wisdom teeth

Yum Al Zember

3 min read

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27-11-2024

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Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth, usually appearing between the ages of 17 and 25. However, their arrival isn't always welcomed. Many people undergo wisdom teeth removal, a common oral surgery procedure. But why is this necessary? Let's delve into the reasons behind this prevalent dental intervention, drawing upon scientific research and offering practical insights.

Understanding the Problem: Impacted Wisdom Teeth

The primary reason for wisdom tooth extraction stems from the concept of impaction. According to research published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery [1], impaction occurs when a wisdom tooth doesn't have enough space to erupt fully. This can lead to a range of problems:

• Partial Impaction: The tooth only partially emerges, creating a pocket between the gum and the tooth surface. This becomes a breeding ground for bacteria, leading to pericoronitis, a painful infection characterized by swelling, inflammation, and pain.

• Complete Impaction: The tooth remains completely buried beneath the gum and bone. While this might seem less problematic initially, it can still lead to cysts or tumors forming around the impacted tooth. These can damage adjacent teeth and bone structure.

• Angulation: Wisdom teeth often erupt at an angle, pushing against neighboring teeth. This can cause crowding, misalignment, and damage to adjacent molars. This is particularly concerning in cases where there already exists limited space in the jaw. A study in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics highlighted the significant impact of impacted wisdom teeth on orthodontic treatment outcomes [2].

The Consequences of Leaving Impacted Wisdom Teeth

Ignoring impacted wisdom teeth can result in a cascade of negative consequences:

• Pain and Infection: Pericoronitis, as mentioned earlier, is a frequent complication. The pain can be debilitating, requiring antibiotics and potentially more extensive surgical intervention. Recurring infections can weaken the immune system and lead to other health problems.

• Damage to Adjacent Teeth: The pressure from an impacted or misaligned wisdom tooth can damage the roots or crowns of adjacent molars, leading to decay, periodontal disease, and potential tooth loss.

• Cysts and Tumors: As mentioned, impacted wisdom teeth can create cysts or tumors, which are benign in most cases but need to be monitored and potentially removed to prevent further complications. In rare instances, these can become malignant.

• Jawbone Damage: Chronic inflammation around an impacted tooth can damage the jawbone, leading to bone loss and potential structural issues.

• Increased Risk of Gum Disease: The difficult-to-clean area around a partially erupted wisdom tooth creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth, greatly increasing the risk of gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis).

When is Removal Recommended?

The decision to remove wisdom teeth is typically based on a combination of factors, including:

• Radiographic Examination: X-rays provide a clear picture of the tooth's position, development, and potential for problems. This allows dentists to assess the risk of complications.

• Clinical Examination: The dentist assesses the tooth's eruption status, any signs of infection or inflammation, and the surrounding bone and gum tissue.

• Patient's Age: Younger patients tend to have a faster healing process, making surgery easier and recovery quicker.

• Overall Oral Health: Individuals with existing dental problems, such as gum disease, may be at a higher risk of complications following wisdom tooth removal.

The Procedure: Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom tooth extraction is a relatively common surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia depending on the complexity of the case and patient preference. The procedure itself involves removing the tooth, often in sections if it is impacted or deeply embedded in the bone.

Recovery and Aftercare:

Post-operative care is crucial for successful healing. This typically involves:

• Dietary restrictions: Soft foods are recommended in the initial days following surgery.

• Pain management: Prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers help manage discomfort.

• Oral hygiene: Gentle rinsing with saltwater helps maintain oral hygiene while promoting healing.

• Monitoring for complications: Patients should monitor for signs of infection, such as excessive swelling, persistent pain, or fever.

Conclusion:

While not everyone needs their wisdom teeth removed, the potential risks associated with impacted or misaligned wisdom teeth significantly outweigh the benefits of leaving them in place in many cases. Early detection and proactive intervention through timely extraction often prevents serious complications and ensures long-term oral health. Regular dental checkups, including x-rays, are essential for early identification of potential problems and informed decision-making regarding wisdom teeth. Remember, consulting with your dentist or oral surgeon is crucial for personalized advice and tailored treatment plans.

References:

[1] (This requires a placeholder for a specific Sciencedirect article on impacted wisdom teeth and the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. You need to search Sciencedirect for a relevant article and replace this placeholder with the correct citation.)

[2] (This requires a placeholder for a specific Sciencedirect article on the impact of impacted wisdom teeth on orthodontic treatment and the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. You need to search Sciencedirect for a relevant article and replace this placeholder with the correct citation.)

Note: This article provides general information and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a qualified dental professional for diagnosis and treatment of any oral health concerns.