how did tubman find her way to freedom

5 min read 26-11-2024

Harriet Tubman is a name synonymous with courage, resilience, and unwavering commitment to the abolition of slavery in the United States. Her journey toward freedom is not only a personal narrative but also a pivotal chapter in the larger story of the fight against oppression. In this article, we will delve into the various strategies Tubman employed to find her way to freedom, the historical context surrounding her escape, and the impact of her actions on the abolitionist movement.

Early Life and Context

Born Araminta Harriet Ross around 1822 in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was raised in a system of human bondage. From an early age, she experienced the brutality of slavery, which included hard labor and physical violence. It was during her childhood that she was inspired by the stories of freedom and the possibility of escape, sparking a desire to seek liberty.

The Importance of Networks

One of the crucial elements that aided Tubman’s escape was the network of allies and resources available to her. Much of Tubman’s journey relied on what became known as the "Underground Railroad," a clandestine network comprising abolitionists, free blacks, and sympathetic individuals who helped enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. The Underground Railroad consisted of safe houses (known as "stations") and guiding figures (known as "conductors"), who offered shelter, food, and guidance.

Example of a Safe House One notable safe house that Tubman could have used was the home of abolitionist Frederick Douglass in Rochester, New York. His residence served as a refuge for many escaping slaves and symbolized a safe haven in the North.

The Decision to Escape

Around 1849, after enduring the loss of her owner, Tubman resolved to escape. She faced a critical decision: to remain in bondage or risk everything for the unknown promise of freedom. Tubman’s underground network provided her the necessary confidence and resources to make that leap.

Strategies and Planning

Prior to her escape, Tubman, like many others, faced the need for meticulous planning. She meticulously reviewed her geographical surroundings, studying maps and familiarizing herself with key landmarks. This pre-escape preparation proved vital, as she had to navigate numerous challenges and evade capture:

Familiarity with the Land: Tubman’s knowledge of the natural landscape played a significant role in evading slave catchers. Her experience in guiding her enslaved companions was grounded in her understanding of local rivers, forests, and terrain.
Traveling at Night: Tubman often moved under the cover of darkness, using the North Star as a navigational aid. This method not only minimized the risk of being seen but also allowed her to plan for safe havens along her route.

Overcoming Fear and Risk

The decision to escape was overwhelming. To mitigate the risks associated with such a dangerous journey, Tubman relied on her courage and strong sense of purpose. She repeatedly emphasized the moral imperative of achieving freedom, which often motivated her during lapses of doubt.

“The Lord was with me,” Tubman reflected, “I was the conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can’t say—I never lost a passenger.”

This statement highlights her skilled leadership and the vital importance of faith in her journey.

The Escape Route

In the middle of the night, Tubman set off toward Pennsylvania, one of the free states. Her escape route consisted of numerous key points:

Camden, New Jersey: While on her way to freedom, passing through Camden offered Tubman a crucial crossing point and allowed for potential assistance from sympathetic locals.
Philadelphia: Tubman reached Philadelphia after an arduous journey. This city served as a major hub in the fight against slavery, offering numerous abolitionist groups that contributed to her cause.

The Aftermath of Escape

Successful in her quest for freedom, Tubman quickly became aware of the cultural and social dynamics that would shape her journey ahead. Realizing there were countless other enslaved individuals yearning for liberation, she made it her mission to guide others along the same path she had taken.

A Transformative Decision

Rather than simply enjoy her newfound freedom, Tubman returned to Maryland multiple times to rescue family members and other enslaved people. During the span of her life, it is estimated that she led approximately 70 individuals to freedom via the Underground Railroad.

Strategies of Conducting Assistance

Tubman, known as "Moses" to those she assisted, employed various strategies to ensure a successful journey for escaped slaves:

Disguises and Altered Identities: Tubman and the people she guided often traveled in disguise to avoid detection, changing their appearance or using assumed names.
Gathering Local Intelligence: Tubman cultivated relationships with local abolitionists to gather crucial information about slave catchers’ activities, patrols, and the best routes to travel.
Encouraging Self-Advocacy: Tubman empowered those she rescued by encouraging them to claim their freedom, emphasizing that it was their right. Her motivational speeches instilled courage in her passengers.

The Impact of Tubman’s Actions

Harriet Tubman’s exploits reverberated through the North, raising awareness and mobilizing support for the abolitionist movement. Her bravery underscored the realities of slavery and the desperate need for action.

Cultural Symbolism: Tubman transformed into a symbol of hope and resilience. Her story inspired countless artists, writers, and activists, allowing the narrative of escaped slaves to find its deserved space in the American consciousness.
Political Engagement: In later years, Tubman became more politically active, speaking for civil rights and women's suffrage. Her involvement with the Seneca Falls Convention positioned her as a leader in the fight for equality for all.

Conclusion

Harriet Tubman’s remarkable journey from slavery to freedom is one of the most enduring tales in American history. Through her courage, strategic thinking, and the support of a vast network of allies, she navigated the treacherous path to liberation, ultimately transforming her own experience into that of many others. Her legacy continues to inspire generations, serving as a powerful reminder of the importance of resilience, community, and unwavering faith in the pursuit of justice.

In the end, Tubman's life serves as a motivating force for anyone seeking freedom—freedom from not just physical chains but also from societal constraints. As we reflect on her remarkable journey, let us appreciate the ongoing fight for equality and remain vigilant in the face of injustice. In the words of Harriet Tubman, “Every great dream begins with a dreamer.” Let us dream, act, and embody that spirit of freedom.

References

Tubman, H. (Various quotations and historical records)
Historical context surrounds Tubman’s life available through various scholarly articles on ScienceDirect and other historical archives.

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of Harriet Tubman's journey to freedom while also contextualizing her remarkable contributions to society. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of both historical relevance and contemporary discourse on freedom and equality.